Spinal Fusion

Before surgery, the spine specialist performs a detailed evaluation to determine whether spinal fusion is the most appropriate treatment. The evaluation may include: Physical and neurological examination, X-rays, MRI, or CT scan, Blood tests, ECG and anaesthesia fitness assessment. Patients are generally advised to: Stop smoking before surgery, Follow fasting instructions, Inform the doctor about medications and allergies, Stop blood-thinning medicines if advised, Arrange support during the recovery period.

On the day of surgery, the patient receives general anaesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision over the affected area of the spine and carefully removes any damaged disc or tissue if required. A bone graft is placed between the vertebrae, and metal screws, rods, cages, or plates are used to stabilize the spine while the bones fuse together. Depending on the condition, the surgery may be performed through an open or minimally invasive approach. After confirming proper spinal alignment and stability, the incision is closed with sutures or staples. The procedure usually takes 2–5 hours, depending on the number of spinal levels being treated.

After surgery, the patient is monitored until the effects of anaesthesia wear off. Pain management, early mobilization, and physiotherapy play an important role in recovery. Patients are advised to: Begin walking as recommended, Take prescribed medications, Attend physiotherapy sessions, Avoid bending, twisting, and heavy lifting, Keep the surgical wound clean and dry, Attend regular follow-up visits and imaging studies. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience fever, severe pain, wound discharge, increasing weakness, numbness, or loss of bladder or bowel control.