Angiography

Before undergoing angiography, patients are evaluated through a series of medical tests to ensure they are fit for the procedure. This includes blood tests, ECG, and sometimes imaging studies to assess heart and kidney function. Doctors also review the patient's medical history, including allergies, medications, and underlying conditions such as diabetes or hypertension. Patients are usually advised to fast for several hours before the procedure. Certain medications, particularly blood thinners, may need to be adjusted under medical supervision. The insertion site, typically the wrist or groin, is cleaned and prepared. Patients are counselled about the procedure to reduce anxiety and ensure a smooth experience.

On the day of the procedure, the patient is taken to a specialized catheterization laboratory, also known as a cath lab. Local anesthesia is administered at the catheter insertion site, allowing the patient to remain awake and comfortable throughout the procedure. A thin catheter is inserted into a blood vessel and guided toward the heart or the area of interest. Once in position, a contrast dye is injected into the arteries. This dye makes the blood vessels visible on X-ray images, allowing the doctor to identify any blockages or narrowing. The procedure usually takes between 20 to 40 minutes. Patients may experience a brief warm sensation when the dye is injected, which is normal. Based on the findings, the doctor may recommend further treatment or proceed with an intervention if necessary.

After angiography, the catheter is removed, and pressure is applied to the insertion site to prevent bleeding. Patients are monitored in a recovery area where vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels are closely observed. If the procedure is performed through the wrist, recovery is faster, and patients can move around within a few hours. In the case of groin access, patients may be required to lie flat for a longer period to avoid complications. Hydration is encouraged to help flush the contrast dye from the body. Most patients are discharged on the same day or within 24 hours, depending on their condition and the procedure outcome.