Cranioplasty

Before surgery, the neurosurgeon performs a detailed evaluation to ensure the patient is ready for skull reconstruction. The evaluation may include: Neurological examination, CT scan or MRI of the brain, Blood tests, ECG and anaesthesia fitness assessment, Assessment for infection or brain swelling. Patients are generally advised to: Follow fasting instructions before surgery, Inform the doctor about medications and allergies, Stop blood-thinning medicines if advised, Arrange support during recovery.

On the day of surgery, the patient receives general anaesthesia. The surgeon reopens the previous incision, carefully exposes the skull defect, and places the original bone flap or a customized artificial implant over the affected area. The implant is securely fixed using special titanium plates and screws to restore the skull's structure and protect the brain. After confirming proper positioning and stability, the incision is closed with sutures or staples. The procedure usually takes 2–4 hours, depending on the size and complexity of the skull defect.

After surgery, the patient is monitored in the ICU or neurosurgical ward. Pain management, neurological observation, and wound care are important during recovery. Patients are advised to: Take prescribed medications, Keep the surgical wound clean and dry, Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities, Attend regular follow-up appointments, Follow the surgeon's instructions regarding activity and rehabilitation. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience fever, severe headache, wound discharge, seizures, increasing swelling, confusion, or weakness.