Brain Surgery

Before surgery, the neurosurgeon performs a detailed evaluation to understand the brain condition and plan the safest surgical approach. The evaluation may include: Neurological examination, MRI or CT scan of the brain, Blood tests, ECG and anaesthesia fitness assessment, Functional brain mapping or angiography, if required. Patients are generally advised to: Follow fasting instructions before surgery, Inform the doctor about medications and allergies, Stop blood-thinning medicines if advised, Arrange support during the recovery period.

On the day of surgery, the patient receives general anaesthesia, although awake brain surgery may be performed for selected procedures involving speech or movement areas. The surgeon makes an incision in the scalp and creates an opening in the skull (craniotomy) or uses a minimally invasive approach, depending on the condition. The affected tissue is carefully treated or removed while protecting surrounding healthy brain structures. After the procedure, the bone flap is secured back in place (if applicable), and the incision is closed with sutures or staples. The surgery usually takes 2–8 hours, depending on the complexity of the condition.

After surgery, the patient is closely monitored in the ICU or recovery unit before being transferred to the neurosurgical ward. Pain management, neurological monitoring, and early rehabilitation are important parts of recovery. Patients are advised to: Take prescribed medications, Begin walking and rehabilitation as recommended, Keep the incision clean and dry, Avoid strenuous activities until approved by the surgeon, Attend regular follow-up visits and imaging studies. Seek immediate medical attention if you develop severe headache, fever, seizures, wound discharge, increasing weakness, confusion, or changes in speech or vision.