Pacemaker Surgery

Before pacemaker surgery, patients undergo a detailed evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and determine the need for implantation. Tests such as ECG, Holter monitoring, echocardiography, and blood investigations are performed to assess heart rhythm and overall health. Doctors review the patient's medical history, including existing conditions like hypertension, diabetes, or previous heart disease. Certain medications may need to be adjusted prior to the procedure. Patients are usually advised to fast for a few hours before surgery. The implantation site is prepared and sterilized, and patients are counselled about the procedure to ensure they are mentally and physically ready.

On the day of the procedure, the patient is taken to a specialized cardiac catheterization laboratory or operating room. Local anesthesia is administered at the site where the pacemaker will be implanted, ensuring the patient remains comfortable while staying awake. A small incision is made below the collarbone, and thin wires called leads are guided through a vein into the heart using imaging guidance. These leads are connected to the pacemaker device, which is placed under the skin. Once positioned correctly, the device is tested to ensure it is functioning properly and regulating the heartbeat effectively. The procedure typically takes about 1 to 2 hours. Patients may feel slight pressure during the implantation but generally do not experience pain.

After pacemaker implantation, patients are monitored in a recovery area where vital signs and heart rhythm are closely observed. Most patients can sit up and move within a few hours after the procedure. The incision site is checked regularly for any signs of bleeding or infection. Patients are advised to limit movement of the arm on the side of the implantation for a few days to allow proper healing and prevent displacement of the leads. Medications may be prescribed to prevent infection and manage any discomfort. Most patients are discharged within 24 to 48 hours, depending on their condition and recovery progress.