Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

Before undergoing DSA, patients are evaluated to ensure they are suitable for the procedure. This includes reviewing medical history, allergies (especially to contrast dye), and existing conditions such as kidney disease or diabetes. Blood tests and imaging studies may be conducted to assess overall health and vascular condition. Patients are usually advised to fast for several hours prior to the procedure. Certain medications, particularly blood thinners, may need to be adjusted under medical supervision. The area where the catheter will be inserted, typically in the groin or wrist, is cleaned and prepared. Patients are also counselled about the procedure to help reduce anxiety and ensure smooth cooperation.

On the day of the procedure, the patient is taken to a specialized radiology or catheterization lab. Local anesthesia is administered at the catheter insertion site to ensure comfort while the patient remains awake. A thin catheter is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the area of interest using imaging guidance. Once positioned, a contrast dye is injected into the blood vessels. A series of X-ray images are then taken, and digital subtraction technology is used to remove background structures, allowing clear visualization of the blood vessels. The procedure typically takes between 30 to 90 minutes. Patients may feel a brief warm sensation when the dye is injected, which is normal. Based on the findings, doctors may recommend further treatment or perform an interventional procedure during the same session if required.

After DSA, the catheter is removed, and pressure is applied to the insertion site to prevent bleeding. Patients are moved to a recovery area where vital signs are monitored closely. If the procedure was performed through the wrist, recovery is quicker, while groin access may require the patient to lie flat for several hours. Hydration is encouraged to help flush the contrast dye from the body. Most patients are discharged on the same day or within 24 hours, depending on their condition. Doctors provide instructions regarding activity restrictions, wound care, and follow-up appointments to ensure a smooth recovery.